Study: “Spatial immune profiling defines a subset of human gliomas with functional tertiary lymphoid structures”[1]
Background:
Adult-type diffuse gliomas: “cold” tumors
Tertiary Lymphoid structures (TLSs)
Objectives:
Visualizing transcriptional patterns
Identifying key genes
Confirming TLS functionality
[1] Cakmak et al., 2025 – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2025.09.018
Dataset: GEO (NCBI) - GSE271059[2]
Metadata:
IDH_status
TLS_status
Localisation
Primary_or_Recurrent
Age
Gender
Raw data: gene expression count matrix (genes × samples)
[2] GEO series GSE271059 – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE271059
[3] Ayers et al., 2017 – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28650338/
TLS status does not strongly separate the samples
TLS group contains highly distinct outliers
Clear and distinct separation of samples by IDH status
Outlier subsets exist